Carl Pennypacker is a physicist, with skills and interest in detecting small signals. Dr. Pennypacker has spent much of his career as a research astrophysicist, receiving his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1978. His principal research was the studying of supernovae and the building of techniques for their automated discovery. With Rich Muller, he co-founded the Berkeley Supernova Search, which later became the Supernova Cosmology Project. He co-advised Saul Perlmutter on his Ph.D. thesis — Perlmutter later went on to win the Nobel Prize in 2011 for his continued efforts on the supernova search.  He shared the 2007 Gruber Prize in Cosmology^[3] and the 2015 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics^[4] for the Supernova Cosmology Project’s discovery that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. He was awarded the Prix Jules Janssen of the French Astronomical Society in 2010.